High integration (integrating motor, reducer, encoder, torque sensor, etc.) for easy installation & maintenance and lightweight design compatibility; ultra-high positioning accuracy (±0.001° level) and millisecond-level fast response; torque sensor enables flexible force control, ensuring human-robot collaboration safety; strong adaptability with customization per joint load, harmonic reducer version for low backlash and direct drive version for zero transmission error, all running quietly; modular design supports quick model change, adapting to flexible production in 3C, medical and other scenarios

High cost of core components (e.g., harmonic reducer, high-precision encoder) leading to an expensive overall price; prone to heating under high load which impairs continuous operation performance, requiring complex heat dissipation design; reducers (e.g., harmonic type) have limited fatigue life, vulnerable to damage under high-impact working conditions with high maintenance cost; complex control algorithms demand high standards for drive-control system debugging.